A Company That Has Had a Lawsuit in the Last 10 Years Research Paper

A Company That Has Had a Lawsuit in the Last 10 Years - Research Paper Example The paper sequentially represents the case how it began, got the chance to be created and deduced in an official courtroom. In the assurance of the decision, this paper has thought about that nuts and bolts that were utilized by the official courtroom to decide this case. Corresponding to this, the paper additionally gives records of the progressions that has portrayed the organization keeping the claim, the offices accused of giving endorsement of activity for sedate organizations just as the suggestion to the organizations in comparative items dependent on the suit. Mylan Company is one of the world’s greatest and driving generics and pharmaceutical organizations. The company’s items are accessible in practically more than 150 nations around the world; Germany, New Zealand, Austria, Belgium, Zech Republic, Denmark, Finland, and France are among the nations where the organization works. In its creation, the organization depends on contemporary creation systems where dr ugs security and clean procedures are watched. Through this, the organization is delivering dependable pharmaceutical items for buyers (Ceder, 2011). The organization utilizes around 18,000 representatives in all the branches everywhere throughout the world. Given the company’s development and administration to the customers, it has acknowledged gigantic accomplishment in the business. In such manner, it supplies a large portion of the pharmaceutical medications including the antiretroviral for treatment of HIV/AIDS patients (Ceder, 2011). The organization was begun in 1961 and turned into a traded on an open market organization in 1973 (Ceder, 2011). In 2002, the organization was associated with a legitimate issue with the one of its customer who continued a back agony while replacing the feels worn out on the vehicle and was managed a painkiller fentanyl. Fentanyl is an addictive opiate that influences the sensory system. Following two days, the patient kicked the bucket an d the after death results demonstrated that a deadly portion of the medication, Fentanyl was found in his circulatory system, this was in 2002. The family recorded a claim against Mylan of assembling deadly items since the physiological impacts of the medications negated the proposal given in the bundle. The offended party legal counselor contended that an imperfection in the medication and the main thing that has not been found out is the sort of deformity that was in the medication. During the time of the suit, Mylan kept up that the items were not imperfect and that they conformed to the food and medications organization that assesses nature of the medications (Sobel, 2012). Talk about the legitimate speculations utilized by the offended party to recuperate in this claim. How the claim was settled, and why you concur with the choice for the situation. The offended party stated during their contention that there was deformity in the medication and that is the company’s obli gation to distinguish such missteps and to address any abscond before discharging the medications into the market. In particular, they declared that the imperfection was occasioned by carelessness of the organization laborers during assembling. That the organization has the obligation of care to its clients and ought to guarantee that their items in the market are reasonable for use by the clients (Mickey, 2004). The offended party blamed the organization for not watching proficient due constancy in sedate assembling and this was not followed, inadequate medications discovered their way into the market and came about in to the demise of their own. The flawed in the medication was in its physiological takeoff where it influenced the usefulness of the sensory system. In the choice that was reached by the court over the case is that the organization was at risk for the demise and they needed to repay the family suitably for contributing into the passing of the family’s provider. The court found that the organization

Impact of Cultural Diversity Global Business Operations

Question: Examine about an Essay on Impact of Cultural Diversity on the worldwide business tasks? Answer: Distinguishing proof and basic investigation of various sorts of social systems Social assorted variety fundamentally makes an extraordinary effect on the execution of the worldwide business activities. The individual culture of an individual is for the most part imparted to the assistance of person's abilities, information, attributes or the character living inside the concerned condition (Berardo and Deardorff, 2012). According to the past scientists, various sorts of the way of life uncovers wanted realities about various societies. The analysts have fundamentally framed three social models comprising of three social impacts inside the global market. These are close to home culture, hierarchical culture, and the national culture. Decent variety uncovers the ideal realities identified with the distinctive conduct, mentalities, qualities and convictions of the various individuals originating from everywhere throughout the world. The individual culture of the individuals originating from various nations uncovered their mentalities, conduct, characteristics, characteristics and aptitudes inside a specific field. The individual culture of the individuals for the most part originates from the setting of their family or companions or from the instructive conditions (Bryman, 2011). Various sorts of the individuals originating from various societies have a particular culture with them. National culture is that specific culture which creates from the qualities, convictions, practices and perspectives gave by the legacy of the concerned nation (de Castro Campos, Kool and Muysken, 2013). Various countries all through the nation have various convictions and they support various societies all through their nation. The people all through the country have wide scopes of convictions that feature their national culture. Corporate culture is just the blend of the common institutional qualities, convictions, associations reasoning which is uncovered in the strategic vision of the concerned association. Much the same as the national culture, the enterprises see their associations culture in an unexpected way (Chen, 2011). It has been seen that various sorts of the individuals have their own convictions and societies that win inside the association (Croll et al., 2010). The thoughts and culture of the various individuals inside the association helps in drawing out the ideal advancement procedures and innovativeness so as to improve the proficiency of the work forms (Neuman, W. L., 2011). Social models including methods of correspondence and practices Correspondence forms between different workers are considered to progressively significant as it helps in understanding the qualities and convictions of the various representatives related inside the association. It has been seen that in various industry divisions, the qualities and convictions of the individuals are very extraordinary (Eide and Nikunen, 2011). There are various sorts of models for the correspondence procedure which assists with understanding the specific circumstance in a superior manner. These models are the direct model, intelligent model, and a value-based model (Rose, 2012). The direct model speaks to the single direction or the straight procedure wherein the audience tune in and the speaker talks. The following is the intuitive model which additionally features the single direction process yet the audience never tunes in and talks as it were. The primary truth dwells that both the audience and the speaker tunes in just as talks individually. The criticism uncovers the reality tuning in and talking is completed in the two different ways verbally and non-verbally. The third one is the value-based procedure which features that the message can be sent or get all the while. There are three ramifications of the value-based procedure identified with the sending and accepting messages. Providers and clients It has been seen that inside the business divisions the social decent variety influences the execution of the work forms between the providers just as the clients. Appropriate methods for the correspondence procedure assists with improving the proficiency of the ideal work process (Fernando, 2012). It turns out to be significant for the providers to communicate their specific view so as to expand the selling of the ideal items to the clients (Silverman, D., 2011). The correspondence procedure helps in understanding the various societies of the clients and the providers in a superior manner (Foster, 2011). The different societies are significant so as to build the selling of the results of a specific association. Understudies and guides Correspondence process assumes the most significant job for the understudies concentrating abroad. So as to comprehend the various perspectives on the understudies, it is significant for the coaches to improve the correspondence procedure, as the different societies influence the instructive condition (Galaktionova, 2015). Advancement is the ideal apparatuses that are presented with the assistance o the assorted societies of the understudies originating from various nations (Gone, 2011). In this way, the utilization of the structures for the decent variety helps in assessing the ideal information on the individuals just as the understudies and coaches. Clinical/medicinal services experts and patients The assorted culture makes an incredible effect inside the clinical or the human services segments. Social models help in keeping up the effectiveness of the work forms did between the human services experts (Gone, 2011). The differing societies help in developing new manners for helping the patients inside the medicinal services (Snow and Taylor, 2009). Along these lines, the correct methods for the correspondence procedure will help in building up the ideal comprehension between social insurance experts just as the patients. Execution of the executives techniques to conquer decent variety challenges Detailing of the methodologies is viewed as significant as this will help in lessening the antagonistic effects of the assorted variety rehearses. Individuals need to comprehend the advantages of decent variety rehearses in various enterprises or distinctive business segments. Also, the authority rehearses from the ranking directors or the separate chiefs of the concerned association helps in keeping up the ideal productivity and adequacy of the whole association. There are sure significant focuses that should be considered so as to build the general execution of the association including individuals from various societies. Social proficiency and competency The executives methodologies are viewed as vital as this assistance in lessening or conquering the difficulties originating from the different culture universally. Social proficiency and the competency are two of the principle components that help in beating the difficulties that originate from the decent variety universally (Shwalb, Shwalb, and Lamb, 2013). Social competency is viewed as significant inside the medicinal services segments. The social competency basically alludes to the capacity of the concerned human services framework before the patients and this incorporates the ideal convictions and the estimations of the association. Social proficiency helps in causing individuals to comprehend about the ideal qualities and significance of the various societies of individuals originating from different nations. Innovative peace promotion It has been seen that in a large number of the association working globally clashes emerge because of different reasons. In this manner, the techniques for dealing with the contentions are viewed as to be vital. The decrease of the contentions will help in assessing the ideal development of the association and this will bring accomplishment for the association (Snow and Taylor, 2009). In this manner, it turns into the center duty of the supervisory crew to execute techniques and impart the ideal message to embrace different societies. There are a few boundaries, for example, the language hindrances, social-social obstructions and some more. Imaginative thoughts, just as utilize inventive procedures, will help in dealing with the contentions and it upgrades the productivity and viability of the working environment (Yahoo Finance, 2016). The various culture in some cases prompts the racial separation between the representatives or the people related with the concerned association. In t his manner, it turns into the center obligation of the supervisory crew of the concerned association to spread the message of coordinated effort and collaboration and to energize various societies, as the regard and consolation to the assorted societies helps in decreasing the contentions to a huge degree. This additionally advances and assesses the critical development of the association. Restriction This is one of the central point which make a significant effect in keeping up the differing societies between the people concerned. It is significant for the association just as the supervisory crew of the association to comprehend the neighborhood or provincial qualities and convictions as this will help in executing the business procedure of the concerned firm. Setting up the initiative inside the association will help in dealing with the difficulties that emerge from the differing societies comprehensively (SOUTH SUDAN - SUDAN: Latest Talks Fail, 2013). The issues identified with the differing societies are generally observed all around. Poor correspondence process likewise impacts the decent variety the executives rehearses inside different associations. Internationalization of sites The disguise of the various sites helps in empowering the assorted variety rehearses universally. It advances and energizes the various societies across various countries all through the world. it turns out to be significant for the various associations working globally to keep up the best possible harmony between the representatives just as the clients of that specific association. Along these lines, the assorted societies assume the most significant job. Subsequently, the decent variety rehearses help in assessing the ideal development of the association to an enormous degree. It upgrades the correspondence procedure and makes mindfulness among

Choosing the Best Writing Service Tips

Choosing the Best Writing Service Tips How to Choose the Best Writing and Editing Services Home›Informative Posts›How to Choose the Best Writing and Editing Services Informative PostsEvery student no matter of a grade deals with the most common task â€" an essay writing. Students start writing essays at a very young age and keep doing it for the rest of their academic life. The length and complication of the papers increase as you want the higher grades but the basic format and purpose stay the same. What is the purpose of an essay? It is to do a research on a given subject and show your opinions to your readers so that they can see that this was worth their time. That’s why writing an essay you should do your best to meet the expectations of your audience. A good essay definitely requires a lot of your efforts and time.The reasons why students always procrastinate with accomplishing their writing task are different. Whether they have no motivation because they aren’t interested enough in the subject or because o f the lack of time to write their assignment. Students might lack the dedication to write their essays due to loads of homework tasks. The only reasonable excuse for procrastinating with the writing task is a student’s sickness or an accident that makes them unable to complete the assignment by the given deadline.In case you aren’t able to accomplish your paper no matter what’s the reason, you definitely need to get help. A decent number of physical agencies and writers are ready to help you, the point is, that they are not the cheapest ones for sure. Comparing to traditional sources, online ones are cheaper. If you are on a shoestring budget and have no idea which traditional source is a reliable one, you should find the best writing service and order your custom paper from it.Guide to Getting the Best Editing ServiceWhen looking for the best source online, you should decide whether you want to use the services of an agency or a freelance writer. Let’s compare a freelance w riter and online writing services, identifying what’s the difference between them and if there is any. A freelance writer is usually someone with no permanent job, someone who writes a paper at a cheaper price than anyone else does. Online writing services can boast of high professionalism their writers have, they are real professionals in different areas.Almost every author wants to have their written paper reviewed. Some students tend to ask their department head or a friend to revise their work. If you want to review your essay properly, essay editing services are definitely of a great value. If an English-second-language author wants to get published in any international journals, this author tends to seek help from professional editing services for a review of their masterpiece. Undoubtedly, a professional editing service isn’t the cheapest one for many researchers.Let’s figure out how you can/essay-editing-service/ ensure yourself to get the best editing and writing serv ice:Try to send the best possible document:Every editor deals with deadlines, that’s why only a certain amount of time can be devoted to a certain paper, no matter how well-intentioned and skilled the editor is. That’s why before sending your document to the editor, it’s reasonable to fix every possible detail whether it’s heading style or extra/missing spaces, or consistency between the reference list and in-text citations. You should educate yourself on the basics of the language when writing sentences in English try to use the simple “subject-verb-object” structure. Thus, you will help the editor to get what you’ve meant. It will be much easier to correct anything that needs to be corrected and focus on addressing issues that you might have failed to do properly (e.g. sentence construction or word choice).You should seek guidance beforehand:Does it feel like you aren’t sure of getting a terminology issue right? Do you have any doubts about the way your sentence is written and whether it really reflects your meaning? If you do, then you should inform the editor beforehand. Doing that, you enable the editor not to waste precious time on deciding whether there is a problem or not, giving chance to proceed with offering you solutions.Ask questions:A good editing service has a secure mechanism for addressing any question that the author might have concerning an edited document. With the help of this facility, you see explanations relating to the changes made. Thus you are enabled to learn from the editor, which is undoubtedly great for your future manuscripts.Give complete information:Providing the editor with all information needed you the same way increase your chances for an effective edit. If you need, for example, the document be formatted as per the journal guidelines, take care to ensure the contribution type in addition to the journal name. Basically, if you don’t need the manuscript to be formatted, pointing out the word count limit yo u secure that the editor won’t exceed the limit; thus you simplify your work before submission.Provide feedback:In case the editor misunderstood a technical term, you should write him/her about that. Communication encourages the editor to include explanatory comments about such issues and he/she might have a perfectly logical explanation. Feedback isn’t limited only to criticism. If you liked a certain aspect of the editor’s work, it would be great to write the editor about it. Thus you are inspiring your editor to be more consistent and interested in your collaboration.Keep in mind that it’s an iterative process: When working on your manuscript, remember that your relationship with the editor is rather cooperative. Cooperation means a lot if you want to get the best results. Keep asking your editor questions if you have any, and working through multiple rounds of edits.

Analysis Of The Movie The Help - 1132 Words

According to the movie The help, I understand that the African American in the past where being abused from white people and where insulted and treated as animals. They used men as cookers and farmers. And women where used as nannies. Also they splurge the nannies between each other. However, white people doesn’t treat African American in a good way. When they was treated from white people one of the friend of the white people tried to solve this dilemma which is to make justice between white and African Americans. She brought a two girls from the white and two from the Africans to know the story of them life. From what she heard from the both sides she was writing the two situations to send it to a women that can communicate with the government to make justice between these people. The woman that was trying to make justice found that the white people doesn’t agree with her because the white people want them as slaves. After this situation the lady wanted justice so she wrote a book to make people conscious about this serious problem and this book was called â€Å"The help†. And the earnings from this book is being given to these African Americans. According to the movie Fruitvale Station, I understand that is true story it happen in California with African American man he is 22 years old. He was marred with white women and he was good with her. He was working in supermarket, but his expulsion because he was lateness. One day his mother birthday so he was happy to Celebrate herShow MoreRelatedThe Help Movie Analysis769 Words   |  4 Pages For my film/documentary analysis paper, I chose the movie The Help. This movie was actually originally a book written by Kathryn Stockett, but then in 2011, a screenplay was written and directed by Tate Taylor. I selected this film because it directly relates to some of the topics we talk about in class. Some of them being segregation and discrimination. In society today, segregation and discrimination play a huge role in how minorities are perceived. I wanted to find a film that showed the effectRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Help 1019 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the best-selling boo ks and the film ‘The Help’ is very closely relevant to the untold stories of African-American women and their experience in service to the white women – part of the narrative of civil rights and segregation in America. The Help is less about the undermined black servants than it is about the white sympathizers, extremely close to missing the point entirely. The civil rights movement was vast and complicated and included African-Americans and white people as heroes, If theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Help 1187 Words   |  5 PagesThe Help is a drama set in Jackson, Mississippi during the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960’s. The film focuses on the development of Eugenia Skeeter Phelan, a young, aspiring Anglo American author trying to find her way in the world of writing. After becoming closer acquainted with Aibileen, an African-American maid employed by her peer Elizabeth Leefolt, Skeeter becomes more aware of the racist attitudes that white Amer icans in her community have towards ‘black’ Americans. After successfullyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Help 1550 Words   |  7 Pages Walt Disney Studio’s 2011 film, â€Å"The Help† is an adaption of Kathryn Stockett’s 2009 novel of the same name. The Help is an American drama film, and stars a powerhouse cast, with the leading roles played by Emma Stone, Viola Davis, Octavia Spencer, Jessica Chastain, and Allison Janney. The film was both written and directed by Kathryn Stockett’s friend Tate Taylor, who was given the rights to the film before her book was even published. In 1960’s Jackson, Mississippi during the civil rights movementRead MoreMovie Analysis : Film Analysis Of The Movie The Help796 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Help† Analysis Paper During the 1960’s , americans underwent an era of critical issues in the United States. Throughout this time, the United States was in a stage of racial issues where racism was still openly accepted of society. The struggle by African-Americans to achieve rights equal to those that white people received was also known as the Civil Rights Movement. That included having an opportunity in employment, voting rights, having access to public facilities, education andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Help832 Words   |  4 Pages I watched the movie award winning move The Help. This movie takes place in Jackson, Mississippi during the 1960’s. This was a time period of lots of racial discrimination and gender discrimination right in the middle of the civil rights movement. The story line of The Help is about a young women named Skeeter, who aspires to be big New York City writer. She get a job at a local news paper and on the side decided to secretly interview the bl ack maids (The Help) about their different stories, experiencesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Help Essay2249 Words   |  9 PagesThe film â€Å"The Help† (2011), is a story based on the daily lives of prominent white women and the relationships with their African-American housemaids in Jackson, Mississippi, during the 1960s Civil Rights movement in America. A well-to-do white woman and central character in this film, Eugenia â€Å"Skeeter† Phelan, aspires to be a journalist and decides to write and publish an exposà © of the stories of the housemaids in Jackson to achieve this goal, however, only two maids, Aibileen Clark and Minny JacksonRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Help By Kathryn Stockett1082 Words   |  5 PagesRace is a very controversial topic in Kathryn Stockett s The Help. The story was set during the 1960’s in Jackson, Mississippi. The Civil Rights Movement took place during the late 50’s and continued through the late 60â€⠄¢s, thus making race a very prevalent theme throughout the story. Kathryn’s theme of race was very strategic because it made her plot very authentic and genuine. In The Help, race affects the character’s lives in many aspects such as their opportunities, relationships, social factorsRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1287 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Paper The movie Romeo and Juliet is a modern classic film that took place in 1996. Overall this is a timeless story that everyone should go and watch. This movie has an intriguing plot line that tells the story of two feuding families, The Montagues and The Capulets, and how the children of these two different families fall in love. The two children overcome various obstacles such as hiding their chemistry from their parents because it is forbidden. In the 1996 classical movie, Romeo and JulietRead MoreMovie Marketing Plan1393 Words   |  6 PagesMovie Marketing Plan Ideas and Images Private Limited Executive Summary Situation Analysis Ideas and Images Private Limited was founded in 2010 by students of film making with a vision to develop new trend, and improve film making in Nepal. The main objective is to align innovation and quality in Nepali movie making to help the industry grow and go international. Apabad is their first venture, with which they want to establish themselves as the institution with uncompromising creativity

Pestel and Porters Analysis of Tourism Industry - 1942 Words

Contents: Introduction Page 2 Macro Environment Page 2 Competitive Forces in the Tourism Industry Page 4 Conclusion Page 6 References Page 6 Introduction: This paper will be dynamically examining the tourism industry during the 2000s. It will begin by using the PESTEL framework to analyse the macro environment and determine which factors drive the competitive forces within the industry. Following this, Porter’s Five Forces model will be used to analyse the actual competitive forces at work within the industry and determine the relative importance of these forces. The macro environment Before one can look at specific factors relating to the firm itself, it is necessary to first examine the nature of the external or†¦show more content†¦It also allows more bookings to be made simultaneously, which will make it possible for airlines to process more bookings more quickly. From an environmental perspective, it is apparent that the world is starting to realise that increases in tourism are having a negative impact on the environment. This is due to increases in energy consumption, which in turn heightens the effects of global warming (Neto, 2002). There are many controls that governments are trying to put into place, such as flight rationing (Liverpool Business School, 2009). However, it can be argued that these have not really begun to have a significant effect on tourism, as they are still insufficient to dampen demand. It may become a problem in future years, as the number of controls is likely to increase. Perhaps the largest environmental factor would be natural disasters, like Hurricane Katrina (Cashell, 2005) and the tsunami that hit Asia in December 2004 (Birkland, 2006). These will impact negatively on people’s confidence in visiting places that have been hit severely by such disasters. As can be seen, the macro environment has had a significant impact on the tourism industry during the 2000s. The key factors affecting tourism negatively would be the political, social andShow MoreRelatedPestel and Porters Analysis of Tourism Industry1936 Words   |  8 PagesPage 2 Competitive Forces in the Tourism Industry Page 4 Conclusion Page 6 References Page 6 Introduction: This paper will be dynamically examining the tourism industry during the 2000s. It will begin by using the PESTEL framework to analyse the macro environment and determine which factors drive the competitive forces within the industry. Following this, Porter’s Five Forces model will be used to analyse the actual competitive forces at work within the industry and determine the relative importanceRead MorePestle768 Words   |  4 PagesContents 1) INTRODUCTION 2) ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE TOURISM INDUSTRY 2.1) PESTEL ANALYSIS: 2.1.1) POLITICAL: 2.1.2) ECONOMICAL: 2.1.3) SOCIAL: 2.1.4) TECHNOLOGICAL: 2.1.5) ENVIRONMENTAL: 2.1.6) LEGAL: 2.2) PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 2.2.1) POTENTIAL ENTRANTS: 2.2.2) SUBSTITUTES: 2.2.3) SUPPLIERS: 2.2.4) BUYERS: 2.2.5) COMPETITIVE RIVALRY: 3) MAINTAINING LEADERSHIP 4) FUTURE IMPLICATIONS FOR TUI: 5.4) ANSOFF MATRIX 6) CONCLUSION 7) REFERENCE 8) APPENDICES Read MoreFactors That Impact on and Influence the Organisation Essay1702 Words   |  7 Pagesbut are out of its direct control. The micro-environment is often determined by the industry the organisation operates within. Competition becomes a critical influencing factor. Johnson et al (2002) states that managers should understand the competitive forces that exist between organisations in the same industry because this will determine its attractiveness. De Swaan Arons, et al (1999) refer to Porter’s Five Forces framework as a tool to assess profit potential within an organisation. TheseRead MoreAirFrance-KLM Report Essay example1345 Words   |  6 Pagesz CASE STUDY: Air France – KLM: Changing the Rules of the Game [Type text] Introduction Air France-KLM Case (Som 2009) provides the background for airlines industry and factors impacting companies’ positions, details about the history of air-carrier alliances and their challenges. The main focus of the Case is on two companies: Air France and KLM and their decision to merge despite predictions of failure. The period covered by the case ends in 2006. As most aviation companies worldwideRead MoreThe European Tour Operators Case3189 Words   |  13 Pagesfirst part of the Portfolio Assignment will include an analysis of the external environment of two large travel companies, Thomas Cook and TUI. The three models that will be included and discussed in the first part of the assignment are PESTEL, Porter’s Five Forces and Industry Life Cycle. These three models should be done for both of the companies. For this assignment I should also briefly discuss the overall attractiveness of the industries and identify the opportunities and threats. BackgroundRead MoreThe Lego Group Analysis1615 Words   |  7 PagesStrategy Portfolio 1 The LEGO Group Analysis June 26, 2013 Word count: 1,517 Table of contents Title | Page | 1. Application of the PESTEL analysis | 3 | 2. Application of the Porter’s Five Forces Analysis | 4 | 3. Application of the TOWS Matrix | 6 | 4. Conclusions | 7 | 5. Figure | 8 | 6. References | 8 | In this assignment the LEGO Group are examined by using a PESTEL analysis (Turner, S., 2002,), Porter’s Five Forces framework and TOWS matrix, basedRead MoreCase Study1964 Words   |  8 PagesTHE EUROPEAN TOUR OPERATORS CASE Table of contents Contents 1 PESTEL Analysis 4 1.1 Political Factors 4 1.2 Economic factors 4 1.3 Social Factors 5 1.4 Technological factors 5 1.5 Environmental Factors 5 1.6 Legal Factors 6 2 Porter’s Five Forces 6 2.1 Force.1 Threats of New entrants 6 2.2 Force.2  Threat of substitute products or services 6 2.3 Force.3 Bargaining power of buyers (Customers) 7 2.4 Force.4 Bargaining power of suppliers 7 2.5 Force.5 IntensityRead MoreInvestment Entry Mode Strategy Of South Korea2479 Words   |  10 Pages This will create a competitive advantage over other hotels that are also located in Busan, South Korea. Porter’s Diamond With Porter’s Diamond we can better understand why some nations succeed and some fail in the international competition. The diamond consist of four dynamics; factor conditions; demand conditions; firm strategy, structure and rivalry; supportive and related industries. Factor conditions The availability and abundance of land, labor, capital, and rich cultural heritage in SouthRead MoreMarketing Audit : The World s Top Hotel Administrator And Business Sector Essay1334 Words   |  6 Pageshas been doing business for more than 45 years. Its fundamental worldwide challengers include InterContinental, Marriott and Starwood. This assignment concentrates on both the HotelInvest and HotelServices side of the Accor Group and and different analysis on the role of market auditing and and market planning. MARKET AUDITING AND MARKET PLANNING Accor would under take formal market auditing and market because it helps in the creation of more market plan and also align itself for the comppetion moreRead MoreThe Importance Of Entering An International Market Through A Complete Micro / Macro Analysis On The Company And The Country996 Words   |  4 Pagesto determine which product offerings would be successful and how these products can reach consumers in this new market. In this essay, an international examination will be conducted on Burberry expanding into Qatar through a complete micro/macro analysis on the company and the country, as well as insight into the key challenges Burberry will face in this expansion. The Firm Burberry, founded in 1856, is a quintessentially British company known for their innovation of outerwear and heritage pieces

Pestel and Porters Analysis of Tourism Industry - 1942 Words

Contents: Introduction Page 2 Macro Environment Page 2 Competitive Forces in the Tourism Industry Page 4 Conclusion Page 6 References Page 6 Introduction: This paper will be dynamically examining the tourism industry during the 2000s. It will begin by using the PESTEL framework to analyse the macro environment and determine which factors drive the competitive forces within the industry. Following this, Porter’s Five Forces model will be used to analyse the actual competitive forces at work within the industry and determine the relative importance of these forces. The macro environment Before one can look at specific factors relating to the firm itself, it is necessary to first examine the nature of the external or†¦show more content†¦It also allows more bookings to be made simultaneously, which will make it possible for airlines to process more bookings more quickly. From an environmental perspective, it is apparent that the world is starting to realise that increases in tourism are having a negative impact on the environment. This is due to increases in energy consumption, which in turn heightens the effects of global warming (Neto, 2002). There are many controls that governments are trying to put into place, such as flight rationing (Liverpool Business School, 2009). However, it can be argued that these have not really begun to have a significant effect on tourism, as they are still insufficient to dampen demand. It may become a problem in future years, as the number of controls is likely to increase. Perhaps the largest environmental factor would be natural disasters, like Hurricane Katrina (Cashell, 2005) and the tsunami that hit Asia in December 2004 (Birkland, 2006). These will impact negatively on people’s confidence in visiting places that have been hit severely by such disasters. As can be seen, the macro environment has had a significant impact on the tourism industry during the 2000s. The key factors affecting tourism negatively would be the political, social andShow MoreRelatedPestel and Porters Analysis of Tourism Industry1936 Words   |  8 PagesPage 2 Competitive Forces in the Tourism Industry Page 4 Conclusion Page 6 References Page 6 Introduction: This paper will be dynamically examining the tourism industry during the 2000s. It will begin by using the PESTEL framework to analyse the macro environment and determine which factors drive the competitive forces within the industry. Following this, Porter’s Five Forces model will be used to analyse the actual competitive forces at work within the industry and determine the relative importanceRead MorePestle768 Words   |  4 PagesContents 1) INTRODUCTION 2) ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE TOURISM INDUSTRY 2.1) PESTEL ANALYSIS: 2.1.1) POLITICAL: 2.1.2) ECONOMICAL: 2.1.3) SOCIAL: 2.1.4) TECHNOLOGICAL: 2.1.5) ENVIRONMENTAL: 2.1.6) LEGAL: 2.2) PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 2.2.1) POTENTIAL ENTRANTS: 2.2.2) SUBSTITUTES: 2.2.3) SUPPLIERS: 2.2.4) BUYERS: 2.2.5) COMPETITIVE RIVALRY: 3) MAINTAINING LEADERSHIP 4) FUTURE IMPLICATIONS FOR TUI: 5.4) ANSOFF MATRIX 6) CONCLUSION 7) REFERENCE 8) APPENDICES Read MoreFactors That Impact on and Influence the Organisation Essay1702 Words   |  7 Pagesbut are out of its direct control. The micro-environment is often determined by the industry the organisation operates within. Competition becomes a critical influencing factor. Johnson et al (2002) states that managers should understand the competitive forces that exist between organisations in the same industry because this will determine its attractiveness. De Swaan Arons, et al (1999) refer to Porter’s Five Forces framework as a tool to assess profit potential within an organisation. TheseRead MoreAirFrance-KLM Report Essay example1345 Words   |  6 Pagesz CASE STUDY: Air France – KLM: Changing the Rules of the Game [Type text] Introduction Air France-KLM Case (Som 2009) provides the background for airlines industry and factors impacting companies’ positions, details about the history of air-carrier alliances and their challenges. The main focus of the Case is on two companies: Air France and KLM and their decision to merge despite predictions of failure. The period covered by the case ends in 2006. 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Pestel and Porters Analysis of Tourism Industry - 1942 Words

Contents: Introduction Page 2 Macro Environment Page 2 Competitive Forces in the Tourism Industry Page 4 Conclusion Page 6 References Page 6 Introduction: This paper will be dynamically examining the tourism industry during the 2000s. It will begin by using the PESTEL framework to analyse the macro environment and determine which factors drive the competitive forces within the industry. Following this, Porter’s Five Forces model will be used to analyse the actual competitive forces at work within the industry and determine the relative importance of these forces. The macro environment Before one can look at specific factors relating to the firm itself, it is necessary to first examine the nature of the external or†¦show more content†¦It also allows more bookings to be made simultaneously, which will make it possible for airlines to process more bookings more quickly. From an environmental perspective, it is apparent that the world is starting to realise that increases in tourism are having a negative impact on the environment. This is due to increases in energy consumption, which in turn heightens the effects of global warming (Neto, 2002). There are many controls that governments are trying to put into place, such as flight rationing (Liverpool Business School, 2009). However, it can be argued that these have not really begun to have a significant effect on tourism, as they are still insufficient to dampen demand. It may become a problem in future years, as the number of controls is likely to increase. Perhaps the largest environmental factor would be natural disasters, like Hurricane Katrina (Cashell, 2005) and the tsunami that hit Asia in December 2004 (Birkland, 2006). These will impact negatively on people’s confidence in visiting places that have been hit severely by such disasters. As can be seen, the macro environment has had a significant impact on the tourism industry during the 2000s. The key factors affecting tourism negatively would be the political, social andShow MoreRelatedPestel and Porters Analysis of Tourism Industry1936 Words   |  8 PagesPage 2 Competitive Forces in the Tourism Industry Page 4 Conclusion Page 6 References Page 6 Introduction: This paper will be dynamically examining the tourism industry during the 2000s. It will begin by using the PESTEL framework to analyse the macro environment and determine which factors drive the competitive forces within the industry. 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MARKET AUDITING AND MARKET PLANNING Accor would under take formal market auditing and market because it helps in the creation of more market plan and also align itself for the comppetion moreRead MoreThe Importance Of Entering An International Market Through A Complete Micro / Macro Analysis On The Company And The Country996 Words   |  4 Pagesto determine which product offerings would be successful and how these products can reach consumers in this new market. In this essay, an international examination will be conducted on Burberry expanding into Qatar through a complete micro/macro analysis on the company and the country, as well as insight into the key challenges Burberry will face in this expansion. The Firm Burberry, founded in 1856, is a quintessentially British company known for their innovation of outerwear and heritage pieces

Impact of Globalization on Development Free Essays

Globalization is the buzzword of today. The phenomenon of globalization rapidly swept across the world forcefully and powerfully. Economies of the world are being increasingly integrated as new technology and communication has brought people together. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Globalization on Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now We often hear the phrase that the ‘world has become a global village’ – which itself signifies how much has changed in the world in the past few decades. Financial and industrial globalization is increasing substantially and is creating new opportunities for both industrialized and developing countries. The largest impact has been on developing countries, who now are able to attract foreign investors and foreign capital. This has led to both positive and negative effects for those countries. Economically new parts of the world have opened to capitalist activities. The spread of capitalist activities has been part of globalization process which ties up well with the liberals believe in the possibility of progress (Baylis, J. , et al. (2008, p. 110). Free trade is the reduction or removal of commercial barriers between countries. This allows a freer flow of labor and goods between member countries in a trade pact. As free trade agreements become more common around the globe, the positive impact on developing countries has been touted as one of their greatest successes. There are several advantages to developing countries that participate in free trade. Free trade is an economic practice whereby countries can import and export goods without fear of government intervention. Government intervention includes tariffs and import or export bans or limitations. Free trade offers several benefits to countries, especially those in the developing stage. According to a widely used definition, a developing country is a nation with low levels of economic resources and/or low standard of living. Developing countries can often advance their economy through strategic free trade agreements. Increased Resources Developing countries can benefit from free trade by increasing their amount of or access to economic resources. Nations usually have limited economic resources. Economic resources include land, labor and capital. Land represents the natural resources found within a nations borders. Small developing nations often have the lowest amounts of natural resources in the economic marketplace. Free trade agreements ensure small nations can obtain the economic resources needed to produce consumer goods or services. By using a country’s comparative advantage, or what they can produce at a lower opportunity cost than other countries, they can get all the benefits of trade. If every country has a comparative advantage that means that everyone can gain from trade. There is remarkable evidence that globalization is helping countries expand and achieve higher incomes or a higher GDP Improved Quality of Life Free trade usually improves the quality of life for a developing nations citizens. They can import goods that are not readily available within their borders. Importing goods may be cheaper for a developing country than attempting to produce consumer goods or services within their borders. Many developing nations do not have the production processes available for converting raw materials into valuable consumer goods. Developing countries with friendly neighbors may also be able to import goods more often. Importing from neighboring countries ensures a constant flow of goods that are readily available for consumption. In countries with a higher degree of globalization, policies tend to support more accountability in the private and public sectors. These nations are more likely to maintain courts that recognize property rights and enforce the rule of law. Their governments are more effective and less corrupt. Policies in these more globalized countries tend to be more stable, essential for long-term planning by business. (Fisher, 2006) Better Foreign Relations Better foreign relations is usually an unintended result of free trade. Developing nations are often subject to international threats. Developing strategic free trade relations with more powerful countries can help ensure a developing nation has additional protection from international threats. Developing countries can also use free trade agreements to improve their military strength and their internal infrastructure, as well as to improve politically. This unintended benefit allows developing countries to learn how they should govern their economy and what types of government policies can best benefit their people. Production Efficiency Developing countries can use free trade to improve their production efficiency. Most nations are capable of producing some type of goods or service. However, a lack of knowledge or proper resources can make production inefficient or ineffective. Free trade allows developing countries to fill in the gaps regarding their production processes. Individual citizens may also visit foreign countries to increase education or experience in specific production or business methods. These individuals can then bring back crucial information about improving the nations production processes (Yutzis, 2001) Increased Standard of Living Economic globalization gives governments of developing nations access to foreign lending. When these funds are used on infrastructure including roads, health care, education, and social services, the standard of living in the country increases. If the money is used only selectively, however, not all citizens will participate in the benefits. Access to New Markets Globalization leads to freer trade between countries. This is one of its largest benefits to developing nations. Homegrown industries see trade barriers fall and have access to a much wider international market. The growth this generates allows companies to develop new technologies and produce new products and services. Higher Employment Rates As developed countries are able to move their operations into developing countries, new job opportunities open up for local workers. Increased levels of employment lead to a higher standard of living and more consumer purchasing. This ultimately sparks the country’s economy and may help to develop locally owned business. Research was conducted on national incomes around the world during the 1990s and results showed that the income of rich globalized countries increased by 2% each year. The results also show that poor, more globalized countries have a higher increase in income per year than poor, less globalized countries. Actually according to this research the poor, more globalized countries have had an increase in income of 5% ach year while the poor, less globalized countries had a decrease of 1% per year. Less Child Labor Child labor occurs in developing countries for many reasons but one of the main reasons is lack of technology. Children are used as a cheap substitute for manufacturing equipment. In developing countries, sending their children to work is the only way a family can survive. Usually ther e is not an abundance of schools and medical care like in the wealthier countries, and even if education and proper health care is available it is only available to the wealthier families who can afford it. Through globalization, households will make higher incomes which may eventually enable a family to send their children to school and provide some type of health care. In another article by Jagdih Bhagwati he states, â€Å"child labor will certainly diminish over time as growth occurs, partly due to globalization. † (Bhagwati). Free trade allows companies to invest in equipment and pay higher wages to adult workers through foreign investment. With higher family incomes, children are able to attend school rather than work. Access to New Markets Not only does free trade allow foreign-owned companies to establish themselves in developing countries, it also allows native companies to sell to foreign markets. This expands their customer base and leads to new products and services and the viability of investing in innovation. This is particularly true for small businesses in developing countries. These companies no longer have to worry about absorbing the costs of tariffs and other barriers to market entry and can sell their products freely. Higher Levels of Investment Capital Most free trade agreements also reduce restrictions on foreign investment. With new capital entering a developing country, it begins an upward productivity cycle that stimulates the entire economy. An inflow of foreign capital can also stimulate the banking system, leading to more investment and consumer lending. Increased Life Expectancy An increase in employment levels, incomes, and the general standard of living alleviates hunger and lack of medical care in developing countries. Preventative medical care including checkups and vaccinations are available to more of the population. It also increases the number of children who are educated and attend school regularly. The ultimate result is an increase in the average life span and a reduction in infant deaths. Widening Disparity in Incomes While an influx of foreign companies and foreign capital creates a reduction in overall unemployment and poverty, it can also increase the wage gap between those who are educated and those who are not. Over the longer term, education levels will rise as the financial health of developing countries rise, but in the short term, some of the poor will become poorer. Not everyone will participate in an elevation of living standards. Decreased Employment The influx of foreign companies into developing countries increases employment in many sectors, especially for skilled workers. However, improvements in technology come with the new businesses and that technology spreads to domestic companies. Automation in the manufacturing and agricultural sectors lessens the need for unskilled labor and unemployment rises in those sectors. If there is no infrastructure to help the unemployed train for the globalized economy, social services in the country may become strained trying to care for the new underclass. How to cite Impact of Globalization on Development, Papers

womens rights Essays (613 words) - Office Work, Sexism,

Throughout many years preceding World War I, many women were not happy with their jobs. In 1870 most women worked in the agriculture of their homes, or did domestic service. Even by 1910 though, more women were already working in factories, offices, stores and telephone exchanges. As opposed to 14.8% in 1870, 24% of women were now working in 1910. The practices of withdrawing from work once married and only returning when necessary (i.e. husband?s salary decreased, laid off, injured, desertion) was unfortunately still being widely accepted and practiced. The birth of modern corporations began to change the location and nature of women?s paid labor and was an important factor in the advancement of women?s labor (Greenwald 5). Multi plant firms began to transform the structure of business, as well as adding an element of elementary competition. There were still although a few financial giants, created by vital industries, such as John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, Swift, Borden, whose practices ultimately determined how people lived, and what they bought (Greenwald 7). As large factories increasingly began to replace older and smaller factories, skilled work became less needed and women even started to make goods as machine tenders. Already, this reorganization was improving women?s status in the work force. There was although a great deal of gender segregation, women were low paid and restricted to unskilled and semiskilled jobs, usually in textile mills, food processing, apparel, tobacco factories, and commercial laundries. Men of course were given jobs concerning transportation and heavy industry. Unfortunately, as heavy industry became increasingly important, it resulted in fewer opportunities for women because companies were hiring more men. Another factor of unfairness was the fact that women were barred from apprenticeship programs resulting in the loss of better-paid and more sophisticated jobs in the metal industry (Greenwald 11). World War I though would provide a great opportunity for women to get ahead and although the movement into the work force was already underway, and it would certainly provide as a stimulus. As a result of World War I and changing social views, women?s role and place in American Society changed greatly. The results of World War I on women?s place in society can be seen clearly in statistical evidence. Between 1910-1920 there was a dramatic increase in women in offices as clerks and in semi-skilled jobs, such as typists, cashiers, and typists. At the same time although, there was a decrease of women cleaners, tailoresses, dressmakers and servants. As the men began to leave for war from America, more women began to work, the substantial change although was not the number of new entrants in the work force, but the numbers of women changing jobs and the new opportunities being opened to them. Many women decided to change jobs in hopes of better opportunities. Increased job standardization, specialization of work and increasing supervision resulted in making many jobs interchangeable. Women cashiers for instance would become fare collectors or retail workers would move to office work. This was called skill dilution and it enabled workers to move from one area to another. As the war progressed there was a greater need for American War materials, and after the 2nd draft of men in late summer, the male workforce was greatly decreased. Companies began to beg for workers, especially those that had contracts to fill and war resources to supply. Businesses realized the number of women who could work and began to print ads saying ?Women Wanted?. Bridgeport munitions even distributed flyers from an airplane urging women to leave their homes and work. This created many new opportunities for women, and they soon realized that. As women changed jobs and took over those formally done by white men, black women took the opportunity to do those formally of white women. This was the first time a white woman could chose her job, and she t...

Tax(Case Report-on-Income-Tax-Authorities-in-Bangladesh) Essays

Tax(Case Report-on-Income-Tax-Authorities-in-Bangladesh) Essays Tax(Case Report-on-Income-Tax-Authorities-in-Bangladesh) Essay Tax(Case Report-on-Income-Tax-Authorities-in-Bangladesh) Essay ASSIGNMENT on Income Tax Authorities in Bangladesh [pic] National Board of Revenue – NBR Rajashwa Bhaban Segunbagicha, Dhaka Telephone: +88 02 933-3444. nbr-bd. org National Board of Revenue (NBR), Bangladesh. Page 2 of 31 Table of contents: |Serial |Topic |Page No. | |I |Cover |†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 01 | | |Page.. | | | |. | |II |Topic/Source of the ASSIGNMENT.. | 02| |III |Table of | 03| | |contents | | |01 |Letter of | 04| | |Transmittal.. | |02 |Acknowledgement †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ | 05| |03 |Background of | 06| | |NBR.. | | |04 |Taxation and its | 07| | |history | |05 |Tax Authorities of Bangladesh †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. |†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 | |06 |Types of Income †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 | |07 |Classification of Tax systems.. |†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 | |08 |Types of |†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦14 | | |Taxation.. | |09 |Methodology †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. |†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦15 | | |9. 01 Sources of Income†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦15 | | |9. 02 Tax Rate†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦16 | | |9. 03 Tax Rebate for investment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. |†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦16 | | |9. 04 Who should sub mit Income Tax Return? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦17 | | |9. 05 Time to submit Income Tax Return †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦18 | | |9. 06 Assessment Procedure †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. |†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦19 | | |9. 07 Tax withholding functions †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. |†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦19 | | |9. 08 Major areas for final settlement of tax liability †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. |†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦22 | | |9. 09 Fiscal incentives †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. |†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦23 | | |9. 10 Avoidance of Double Taxation Agreement †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦24 | |10 |Steps for collecting Income Tax in Bangladesh.. |†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦24 | |11 |Procedure of Assessment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. |†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦25 | |12 |Problems for collecting Income Tax.. |†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦26 | |13 |Conclusion.. |†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦31 | | |.. | | National Board of Revenue (NBR), Bangladesh. Page 3 of 31 Letter of Transmittal March 03, 2012 To Md. Abdul Awal Chairman, EECS deparment NorthSouth University Basundhara Campus, Dhaka. Subject: Submission of Assignment on â€Å"Income Tax Authorities in Bangladesh†. Dear Sir I am pleased to submit this Assignment-report on â€Å"Income Tax Authorities in Bangladesh†. This research program was taken by the help of â€Å"Three tax system of Bangladesh†, written by M. A. Akkas, and â€Å"Income Tax† written by â€Å"Mr. Mahmud† and â€Å"Purohit Bhattacharjee†. Here is the report on the observational study of â€Å"Income Tax authority in Bangladesh†. We honestly believe that this report will fulfill the requirements of the case report, which will help us a lot to gain sufficient knowledge about the â€Å"Income Tax authority in Bangladesh† Sincerely, Deb kumar Roy ID:0910019040 National Board of Revenue (NBR), Bangladesh. Page 4 of 31 Acknowledgement I am very much grateful to the God first, who has given me all the ability to perform this chore. At last but not the least, I am grateful to my ever-respected parents those who always give us mental support and well wishes. National Board of Revenue (NBR), Bangladesh. Page 5 of 31 Background of NBR The National Board of Revenue (NBR) is the central authority for tax administration inBangladesh. ItwasestablishedbyPresidentsOrderNo. 76of1972. Administratively, it is under the Internal Resources Division (IRD) of the Ministry of Finance (MoF). MoF has 3 Divisions, headed by 3 permanent Secretaries to the Government, namely, the Finance Division the Internal Resources Division (IRD) and the Economic Relations Division (ERD). The Secretary, IRD is the ex-officio Chairman of NBR. NBR is responsible for formulation and continuous re-appraisal of tax-policies and tax-laws, negotiating tax treaties with foreign governments and participating in inter-ministerial deliberations on economic issues having a bearing on fiscal policies and tax administration. The main responsibility of NBR is to collect domestic revenue (primarily, Import Duties and Taxes, VAT and Income Tax) for the government. Other responsibilities include administration of all matters related to taxes, duties and other tax producing fees. Under the overall control of IRD, NBR administers the Excise, VAT, Customs and Income-Tax services consisting of 3434 officers of various grades and 10195 supporting staff positions (Approved set up as on 09 Feb. , 2000 AD). Negotiating tax treaties with foreign governments and participating in inter- ministerial deliberations on economic issues having a bearing on fiscal policies and tax administration are also NBRs responsibilities. The main responsibility of NBR is to mobilize domestic resources through collection of import duties and taxes, VAT and income tax for the government. Side by side with collection of taxes, facilitation of international trade through quick clearance of import and export cargoes has also emerged as a key role of NBR. Other responsibilities include administration of matters related to taxes, duties and other revenue related fees/charges and prevention of smuggling. Under the overall control of IRD, NBR administers the excise, VAT, customs and income-tax services consisting of 3434 officers of various grades and 10195 supporting staff positions. National Board of Revenue (NBR), Bangladesh. Page 6 of 31 Taxation and its history Taxation- one of the major sources of public revenue to meet a countrys revenue and development expenditures with a view to accomplishing some economic and socialobjectives,suchasredistributionofincome,pricestabilizationand discouraging harmful consumption. It supplements other sources of public finance such as issuance of currency notes and coins, charging for public goods and services and borrowings. The term â€Å"Tax† has been derived from the French word â€Å"Taxe† and etymologically, the Latin word â€Å"Taxare† is related to the term tax, which means to charge. Tax is a contribution exacted by the state. It is a non-penal but compulsory and unrequited transfer of resources from the private to the public sector, levied based on predetermined criteria. According to Article 152(1) of the Constitution of Bangladesh, taxation includes the imposition of any tax, rate, duty or impost, whether general, local or special, and tax shall be construed accordingly. Rate is a local tax imposed by local government on its residents or the property owners of the locality, a duty is a tax levied on a commodity, and an impost is a tax imposed for an entry into a country. Under the provision of article 83 of the Constitution, no tax shall be levied or collected except by or under the authority of an Act of Parliament. Bangladesh inherited a system of taxation from its past British and Pakistani rulers. The system, however, developed based on generally accepted canons and there had been efforts towards rationalizing the tax administration for optimizing revenue collection, reducing tax evasion and preventing revenue leakage through system loss. Taxes include narcotics duty (collected by the Department of Narcotics Control, Ministry of Home Affairs), land revenue (administered by the Ministry of Land and collected at local Tahsil offices numbered on average, one in every two Union Parishads), non-judicial stamp (collected under the Ministry of Finance), registration fee (collected by the Registration Directorate of the Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs) and motor vehicle tax (collected under the Ministry of Communication). National Board of Revenue (NBR), Bangladesh. Page 7 of 31 The tax structure in the country consists of both direct (income tax, gift tax, land development tax, non-judicial stamp, registration, immovable property tax, etc) and indirect (customs duty, excise duty, motor vehicle tax, narcotics and liquor duty, VAT, SD, foreign travel tax, TT, electricity duty, advertisement tax, etc) taxes. The present land revenue system of Bangladesh has its base in the East Bengal state acquisition and tenancy act 1950 which established a direct contract between the taxpayer and the government. The most important tax on the value of transferred property is the non-judicial stamp tax (levied under the Stamp Act 1899), which has been in existence since January 1899. Current rates of non-judicial stamp duty are provided in the First Schedule of the Finance Act 1998, ranging from Tk. 4 to Tk. 10,000 in case of absolute rate, or from 0. 07% to 1. 5% of the value of consideration in case of ad valorem rate. The judicial stamp tax is being levied under the Court Fees Act 1870, although the levy of court fees originated in the introduction of the Bengal Regulation No. 8 of 1795. The first sales tax was introduced in the former Central Provinces of India in 1938. In Bengal, sales tax was adopted in 1941. In 1948, sales tax was transferred as a central tax under the General Sales Tax Act of 1948. The Sales Tax Act 1951 came into force on 1 July 1951 by repealing the Pakistan General Sales Tax Act of 1948. Until 1982, sales tax was being collected under the 1951 Act, which was replace d by the Sales Tax Ordinance 1982. The VAT law was promulgated by repealing the Business. Income tax was first introduced in the subcontinent by the British in 1860 to make up the revenue deficit caused by the sepoy revolt, 1857. After independence of Bangladesh, income tax was made effective under the Income Tax Act 1922 passed on the basis of the recommendations of the All-India Income Tax Committee appointed in 1921. Currently, income tax has been imposed under the Income Tax Ordinance 1984 (ITO) promulgated on the basis of recommendations of the Final Report of the Taxation Enquiry Commission submitted in April 1979. Income taxpayers (assesses) are classified as individuals, partnership firms, Hindu undivided National Board of Revenue (NBR), Bangladesh. Page 8of 31 families (HUF), associations of persons (AOP), companies (publicly traded and private), local authorities, and other artificial juridical persons. Tax rates and scope of taxable income differ based on residential status of an assesses (resident or non- resident). From fiscal or assessment year, (AY) 2000-01, there is a filing threshold of annual total income of Tk. 00,000 applicable for individuals (including non-resident Bangladeshis), partnership firms, HUF, AOP and assesses other than companies and local authorities. In case an identity of this group has a total annual income less than this level, he is not required to submit tax return but if someones income is higher, he is to pay a minimum tax of Tk. 1,000. Bangladesh inherited a system of taxation from its past British and Pakistani rulers. National Board of Revenue (NBR), Bangl adesh. Page 9 of 31 Tax Authorities of Bangladesh ? There are 3-divisions under the Ministry of Finance (MOF) and Secretary leads each division. ? |The Chairman of NBR (National Board of Revenue) is working |under Internal | | |Resource Division (IRD). | | | | | | | | | | |? |NBR is the apex body of the Tax Administration. | | It consists of two parts: (1) Customs VAT (2) Income Tax. Both are under the same authority. There are 4-members under NBR. ? Under the NBR, a Commissioner of Taxes is the head of the department and he is in charge of a taxes Zone. There are 8-Zones in Bangladesh. National Board of Revenue (NBR), Bangladesh. Page 10 of 31 [pic] National Board of Revenue (NBR), Bangladesh. Page 11 of 31 Types of Income Income Assessable IncomeNon-Assessable Income Taxable Income Non-taxable Income Income: Income means anything received in cash or in kind unless exempted by laws. 1) Assessable Income: Assessable Incomes are those incomes, which are included in the determination of total income of a taxpayer. ) Taxable Income: Taxable Incomes are those incomes that the tax is to be paid on those incomes. b) Non- Taxable Income: Non – taxable income is taken into total income for taxation rate purpose but no tax is to be paid on this part of income. 2) Non- Assessable Income: Non- assessable incomes are those incomes which are not included in the determination of total income of a taxpaye r. National Board of Revenue (NBR), Bangladesh. Page 12 of 31 Classification of Tax systems Classification of Tax System Single Tax Multiple Taxes 1. Single Tax: Only one tax for everybody. Single tax is the poll tax or the head tax or adolescent tax, which is imposed on a person simply because he is there in the society. 2. Multiple Taxes:A system under which different types of taxes shall be levied by the govt. according to suitability. Ex. Income Tax, VAT. National Board of Revenue (NBR), Bangladesh. Page 13 of 31 Types of Taxation Types of Taxation a) Direct Tax b) Indirect Tax a) Progressive Tax b) Regressive Tax c) Proportional Tax a) Direct Tax: Direct tax is a sort of tax the impact of effect incidents and which fall back on the person on whom it is imposed. . e. : Income Tax, Marriage Tax etc. b) Indirect Tax: Indirect taxes are those burden of which can be passed on others through price vehicles. c) Progressive Tax: The tax rate increases as the taxable income/amount increases. d) Regressive tax: The opposite of a progressive tax is a regressive tax where the tax rate decreases as the taxable income/amount increases. e) Proportional Tax: In between is a propor tional tax, where tax is fixed as the amount to which the rate is applied increases. National Board of Revenue (NBR), Bangladesh. Page 14 of 31 Methodology Among direct taxes, income tax is one of the main sources of revenue. It is a progressive tax system. Income tax is imposed on the basis of ability to pay. The more a taxpayer earns the more he should pay- is the basic principle of charging income tax. It aims at ensuring equity and social justice. Sources of Income: For the purpose of computation of total income and charging tax thereon, sources of income can be classified into 7 categories, which are as follows: Salaries Interest on securities Income from house property Income from agriculture Income from business or profession Capital gains Income from other sources. Tax Rate (Assessment Year- 2008-09): Other than Company: For individuals other than female taxpayers, senior taxpayers of 70 years and above and retarded taxpayers, tax payable for the |First |1,65,000/- |Nil | |Next |2,75,000/- |10% | |Next |3,25,000/- |15% | |Next |3,75,000/- |20% | |Rest Amount | |25% | For female taxpayers, senior taxpayers of age 70 years and above and retarded taxpayers, tax payable for the |First |1,80,000/- |Nil | |Next |2,75,000/- |10% | |Next |3,25,000/- |15% | National Board of Revenue (NBR), Bangladesh. Page 15 of 31 |Next |3,75,000/- |20% | |Rest Amount | |25% | Minimum tax for any individual assesses is Tk. 2,000 Non-resident Individual25% (other than non-resident Bangladeshi) For Companies Publicly Traded Company27. 5% Non-publicly Traded Company37. 5% Bank, Insurance Financial Company 45% Mobile Phone Operator Company45% If any publicly traded company declares more than 20% dividend, 10% rebate on total tax is allowed. Tax Rebate for investment: Rate of Rebate: Amount of allowable investment is either up to 25% of total income or Tk. 5,00,000/- whichever is less. Tax rebate amounts to 10% of allowable investment. Types of investment qualified for the tax rebate are: Life insurance premium Contribution to deferred annuity Contribution to Provident Fund to which Provident Fund Act, 1925 applies Self contribution and employers contribution to Recognized Provident Fund Contribution to Super Annuation Fund Investment in approved debenture or debenture stock, Stocks or Shares Contribution to deposit pension scheme Contribution to Benevolent Fund and Group Insurance premium Contribution to Zakat Fund Donation to charitable hospital approved by National Board of Revenue Donationtophilanthropicoreducationalinstitutionapprovedbythe Government Donation to socioeconomic or cultural development institution established in Bangladesh by Aga Khan Development Network National Board of Revenue (NBR), Bangladesh. Page 16 of 31 Who should submit Income Tax Return? If total income of any individual other than female taxpayers, senior taxpayers of 70 years and abo ve and retarded taxpayers during the income year exceeds Tk 1,65,000/-. If total income of any female taxpayer, senior taxpayer of 70 years and above and retarded taxpayer during the income year exceeds Tk 1,80,000/-. If any person was assessed for tax during any of the 3 years immediately preceding the income year. A person who lives in any city corporation/paurashava/divisional HQ/district HQ and owns a building of more than one storey and having plinth area exceeding 1,600 sq. feet/owns motor car/owns membership of a club registered under VAT Law. If any person subscribes a telephone. If any person runs a business or profession having trade license. Any professional registered as doctor, lawyer, income tax practitioner, Chartered Accountant, Cost Management Accountant, Engineer, Architect and Surveyor etc. Member of a Chamber of Commerce and Industries or a trade Association. Any person who participates in a tender. A person who has a Taxpayers Identification Number (TIN). Candi date for Union Parishad, Paurashava, City Corporation or Parliament. Time to Submit Income Tax Return: For Company By fifteenth day of July next following the income year or, where the fifteenth day of July falls before the expiry of six months from the end of the income year, before the expiry of such six months. For Other than Company Unless the date is extended, by the Thirtieth day of September next following the income year. Consequences of Non-Submission of Return imposition of penalty amounting to 10% of tax on last assessed income subject to a minimum of Tk. 1,000/- In case of a continuing default a further penalty of Tk. 50/- for every day of delay. National Board of Revenue (NBR), Bangladesh. Page 17 of 31 Assessment Procedures: For a return submitted under normal scheme, assessment is made after hearing. For returns submitted under Universal Self Assessment Scheme, the acknowledgement slip is determined to be an assessment order. Universal Self Assessment is of course subject to audit. Appeal against the order of DCT: A taxpayer can file an appeal against DCTs order to the Commissioner (Appeals)/Additional or Joint Commissioner of Taxes (Appeals) and to the Taxes Appellate Tribunal against an Appeal order. Tax withholding functions: In Bangladesh withholding taxes are usually termed as Tax deduction and collected at source. Under this system both private and public limited companies or any other organization specified by law are legally authorized and bound to withhold taxes at some point of making payment and deposit the same to the Government Exchequer. The taxpayer receives a certificate from the withholding authority and gets credits of tax against assessed tax on the basis of such certificate. Heads of Income Subject to deduction or collection of income tax at source with specified rates of deduction. |No. Heads |Section/Rule |Rate |Chalan in the | | | | | |name of | |1 |Salaries | | |Respective | | | |Section 50 |deduction at average rate |Zone | |2 |Discount on the real value of | |deduction at normal rate or maximum rate |LTU | | |Bangladesh Bank Bills |Section 50A |whichever is greater. | |3 |Interest on securities |Section 51 |10%on interest or discount |LTU | |4 |Supply of goods and execution of | |ni l up to 1 lac, 1-5 lacs |Zone-2 (Partly) | | |contracts and sub-contracts |Section |(1%), 5-15 lacs (2. 5%), 15- |LTU | | | |52(Rule 16) |25 lacs 3. 5% and 25 lacs and above | | | | | |(4%) | | National Board of Revenue (NBR), Bangladesh. Page 18 of 31 |5 |Indenting commission / Shipping | |3. 5% of the total receipt of indenting |Zone-2 | | |agency commission |Section 52 (Rule 17) |commission 5% of total Shipping agency | | | | |commission receipt | | |6 |Royalty, Fees for professional or | | |Zone-8 | | |technical services |Section 52 A |10% of the fees | | |7 |Stevedoring agency Security |Section 52 | |Ctg. Zone- | | |service |AA |7. 5% of the fees |2 | |8 |C F agency commission |Section 52 | |Zone-2 | | | |AAA |7. 5% of the fees | | |9 |Sale of bandrolls ( for biri) | | |Respective | | | |Section 52B |6% of the value of bandrolls. Zone | |10 |Compensation for acquisition of | |6% of the compensation money |Zone-2 | | |property |Section 52C | | | |11 |Interest on saving instru ments | |10% of the amount of interest (Current |Zone-2 | | | |Section 52D |rate) | | |12 |Collection of tax from brick | |1 Sec. = Tk. 10,000/ for each brick field. |Respective | | |manufacturers | |1. 5 Sec. = Tk. 2,000/ for each brick |Zone | | | | |field. | | | | |Section 52F |2 Sec. = Tk. 18,000/ for each | | | | | |brick field. | | |13 |Commission on Letter of | |5% of the amount of commission. |LTU | | |Credits |Section 52I | | | |14 |Issuing Renewal of trade | Tk 500/- For renewal of each |Zone-3 | | |licence |Section 52K |Lincence | | |15 |Trustee fees |Section 52L |10% | | |16 |Frieght Forward agency | | | | | |Com. |Section 52M |7. 5% | | |17 |Rental power |Section 52N |4% | | |18 |Import of goods |Section 53 (Rule17A) | |Zone-2 | | | | |3% of the value of imports. | |19 |Income from house property (house | |No deduction if monthly rent is below |Zone-2 | | |rent) | |20,000/- |Dha Other | | | |Section 53A (Rule17B)|3% (if monthly rent is |outside | | | | |20,000-40,000 Tk. ) and |Zone | | | | |5% (if monthly rent is above | | | | | |40,000 Tk. | | |20 |Shipping business of resident | | |Zone-2,ctg | | | |Section 53AA |5% of freight | | |21 |Export of manpower |Section 53B (Rule | |Zone-2, dhk ctg| | | |17C) |10% of the service charges. | | |22 |Export of Knitwear |Section 53BB |0. 25% |Zone-5 | |23 |Member of Stock |Section | |Zone-7 | | |Exchange |53BBB |0. 015% | | |24 |Export of goods except |Section |0. 25% |Zone-5 | National Board of Revenue (NBR), Bangladesh. Page 19 of 31 |Knitweare Woven garments |53BBBB | | | |25 |Sale of goods by public auction |Section 53C (Rule | |Zone-2 | | | |17D) |5% of the sale price | | |26 |Courier Service (Non- resident) | | |Zone-6 | | | |Section 53CC |7. 5% | | |27 |Payment to film actors and actresses| |5% of the amount paid exceeding |Zone-2 | | | |Section 53D (Rule |Tk. 6000/- | | | | |17E) | | | |28 |Cash subsidy |Section 53DD |5% |Zone-5 | |29 |Commission Fees or discount paid to| | |Zone-2 LTU | | | distributors |Section 53E (Rule |7. 5% of the amount of commission. | | | | |17G) | | | |30 |Commission or charges paid to the | | |Dhk. Zone- | | |agents of foreign buyers | | |6, | | | | | |Ctg. Zone-3 and | | | | |4 % on the amount of commission or charges. |Zone of | | | |Section 53EE | |Respective | | | | | |Division | |31 |Interest on bank deposits |Section 53F (Rule |10% of the amount of interest. |Zone-1 | | | |17H) | | | |32 |Real Estate Developers | |In case of Bldg. 250 per sq. eter |Zone-5 | | | | |In case of land 5% of deed value | | | | |Section 53FF | | | |33 |Insurance commission | |3% on the amount of commission |LTU | | | |Section 53G | | | |34 |Commission paid to the Surveyors of | | |Dhk. Zone- | | |General Insurances | | |2, | | | | | |Ctg. Zone-3 and | | | | |7. 5% on the amount of commission. Zone | | | |Section 53GG | |of | | | | | |Respective | | | | | |Division | |35 |Transfer of property |Section 53H (Rule |5% of the value of the property. |Survey | | | |17I) | |Zone | | |Interest on Post Office | |No deduction if the amount of interest does|Zone-2 | | |Savings Bank Account | |not exceeds Tk. 1,50,000 and if exceeds | | | | |Section 53I |then 10% on the amount of interest . | | |36 |Rent of vacant land, plant and | No deduction if monthly rent is below |Zone-2 | | |machinery | |15,000/- | | | | |Section 53J (Rule |3% (if monthly rent is | | | | |17BB) |15,000 -30,000 Tk. ) and | | | | | |5% (if monthly rent is above | | | | | |30,000 Tk. ) | | National Board of Revenue (NBR), Bangladesh. Page 20 of 31 |37 |Advertising bill of news paper, | | |Zone-5 | | |magazine, private television | |3% of the value of the property. | | |channel |Section 53K | | | |38 |Dividend | | |LTU (only LTU’s | | | | |(1) Resident individual 10%, non-resident |files) all others| | | |Section 54 |individual 25% (2) Company 15% |Zone-2 | |39 |Income from lottery |Section 55 |20% of the amount won. |Zone-2 | |40 |Income of non-resident Other than | |Company rate applicable to the com. Other|Zone-6 | | |non- resident Bangladeshi} |Section 56 |than company maximum rate. | | Major areas for final settlement of tax liability: Tax deducted at source for the following cases is treated as final discharge of tax liabilities. No additional tax is charged or refund is allowed in the following cases:- Supply or contract work Band rolls of hand made cigarettes Import of goods Transfer of properties Export of manpower Real Estate Business Export value of garments Local shipping business Royalty, technical know-how fee Insurance agent commission. Auction purchase Payment on account of survey by surveyor of a general insurance company Clearing forwarding agency commission. Transaction by a member of a Stock Exchange. Courier business Export cash subsidy Tax Recovery System: In case of non-payment of income tax demand the following measures can be taken against a taxpayer for realization of tax:- Imposition of penalty Attachment of bank accounts, salary or any other payment. Filing of Certificate case to the Special Magistrate. National Board of Revenue (NBR), Bangladesh. Page 21 of 31 Advance Payment of Tax: Every taxpayer is required to pay advance tax in four equal installments falling on 15th September; 15th December; 15th March and 15th June of each year if the latest assessed income exceeds Taka three lakh. Penalty is imposed for default in payment of any installment of advance tax. Fiscal incentives : Following are fiscal incentives available to a taxpayer: )Tax holiday: Tax holiday is allowed for industrial undertaking, tourist industry and physical infrastructure facility established between 1st July 2008 to 30th June 2011 in fulfillment of certain conditions. Industrial Undertaking Eligible for Tax holiday: (i)An industry engaged in production of textile, textile machinery, jute goods, high value garments, pharmaceuticals, melamine, plastic products, ceramics, sanitary ware, steel from iron ore, MS Rod, CI Sheet, fertilizer, insecticide pesticide, computer hardware, petro-chemicals, agriculture machinery, boilers, compressors, basic raw materials of drugs, chemicals and pharmaceuticals. (ii)An industry engaged in agro-processing, ship building, diamond cutting. Physical Infrastructure Eligible for Tax holiday: Sea or river port, container terminals, internal container depot, container freight station, LNG terminal and transmission line, CNG terminal and transmission line, gas pipe line, flyover, mono rail, underground rail, telecommunication other than mobile phone, large water treatment plant supply through pipe line, waste treatment plant, solar energy plant, export processing zone. Tourism Industry Eligible for Tax holiday: Residential hotel having facility of three star or more. b)Accelerated depreciation: Accelerated depreciation on cost of machinery is admissible for new industrial undertaking in the first year of commercial production 50%, in the second year 30% and in the third year 20%. )Income derived from any Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) engaged in production of any goods and having an annual turnover of not more than taka twenty four lakh is exempt from tax. d)Industry set up in EPZ is exempt from tax for a period of 10 years from the date of commencement of commercial pr oduction. e)Income from fishery, poultry, cattle breeding, dairy farming, horticulture, floriculture, mushroom cultivation and sericulture are exempt from tax up to 30th June, 2011, subject to investing at least 10% of the exempted income that exceeds one lakh Taka, in government bonds. National Board of Revenue (NBR), Bangladesh. Page 22 of 31 f)Income derived from export of handicrafts is exempted from tax up to 30th June, 2011. )An amount equal to 50% of the income derived from export business is exempted from tax. h)Listed companies are entitled to 10% tax rebate if they declaredividend of 20% or more. i)Income from Information Technology Enabled Services (ITES) business is exempted up to 30th June, 2011. Avoidance of Double Taxation Agreement: There are agreements on avoidance of double taxation between Bangladesh and 28 countries which are:- (01) United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (02) Singapore (03) Sweden (04) Republic of Korea (05) Canada (06) Pakistan (07 ) Romania (08) Sri Lanka (09) France (10) Malaysia (11) Japan (12) India (13) Germany 14) The Netherlands (15) Italy (16) Denmark (17) China (18) Belgium (19) Thailand (20) Poland (21) Philippines (22) Vietnam (23) Turkey (24) Norway (25) USA (26) Indonesia (27) Switzerland (28) Oman. National Board of Revenue (NBR), Bangladesh. Page 23 of 31 Steps for collecting Income Tax in Bangladesh Submission of income tax returns is generally due by: > 30th September in case of non-companies and > 31st December in case of companies. Assessment is made in several procedures. They are: ? Self assessment ? Presumptive assessment ? Spot assessment ? Pre-audit based assessment. However, certain percent of self assessment cases are selected for audit. Assesses can prefer appeal if aggrieved by his assessment. There are three primary forums for appeal. They are to the Appellate Commissioner/Additional Commissioner/Joint Commissioner or to the Commission for reviews. The decisions of Appellate Commissioner/Additional Commissioner/Joint Commissioner can be challenged to the next Appellate Court named as Appellate Tribunal. Withholding tax is levy able on a number of items including contractors, imports, transfer of urban land/building, bank deposits etc. National Board of Revenue (NBR), Bangladesh. Page 24 of 31 Procedure of Assessment Generally the followings steps are followed in case of Assessment of the Company and the Corporation: Step-1 Computation of Business Income Step-2 Computation of Total Income Step-3 Determination of Total Tax Liabilities Step-4 Determination of Net Tax Liabilities According to Sections 28, 29 and 30 of ITO, 1984 Income from business is to be calculated after considering admissible and inadmissible expenses to this end. Total Income of the Company is to be calculated by adding other income with income from business. Total Tax liabilities are to be determining by applying prescribed tax rate. Net Tax liability is to be ascertained by deducting the following tax rebate from Total Tax liabilities: >10% Tax rebate on foreign income Tax rebate on increased production in case of industrial company, if applicable. >Tax rebate on export income (at rate applicable) >Tax rebate and average rate on tax free income. National Board of Revenue (NBR), Bangladesh. Page 25 of 31 Problems for collecting Income Tax Tax avoidance is one of the main problems for collecting Inc ome Tax by the Income Tax Authority in Bangladesh. It is the legal utilization of the tax regime to ones own advantage, in order to reduce the amount of tax that is payable by means that are within the law. By contrast tax evasion is the general term for efforts to not pay taxes by illegal means. The term tax mitigation is a synonym for tax avoidance. Its original use was by tax advisors as an alternative to the pejorative term of tax avoidance. Latterly the term has also been used in the tax regulations of some jurisdictions to distinguish tax avoidance foreseen by the lawmakers from tax avoidance which exploits loopholes in the law. Based on these concepts arises the pillars of Tax Protesters as well as Tax Resistance: Some of those attempting not to pay tax believe that they have uncovered interpretations of the law that show that they are not subject to being taxed: these individuals and groups are sometimes called tax protesters. An unsuccessful tax protestor has been attempting openly to evade tax, while a successful one avoids tax. Tax resistance is the declared refusal to pay a tax for conscientious reasons (because the resister does not want to support the government or some of its activities). Tax resistors typically do not take the position that the tax laws are themselves illegal or do not apply to them (as tax protesters do) and they are more concerned with not paying for particular government policies that they oppose. National Board of Revenue (NBR), Bangladesh. Page 26 of 31 Responses to tax avoidance: Avoidance also reduces government revenue and brings the tax system into disrepute, so governments need to prevent tax avoidance or keep it within limits. The obvious way to do this is to frame tax rules so that there is no scope for avoidance. In practice, this has not proved achievable nd has led to an ongoing battle between governments amending legislation and tax advisors finding new scope for tax avoidance in the amended rules. Tax evasion: By contrast, tax evasion is the general term for efforts by individuals, firms, trusts and other entities to evade taxes by illegal means. Tax evasion usually entails taxpayers deliberately misrepresenting or concealing the true state of their affairs to the tax authorities to reduce their tax liability, and includes, in particular, dishonest tax reporting (such as declaring less income, profits or gains than actually earned; or overstating deductions). Illegal income and tax evasion: Who earn income by illegal means (gambling, theft, drug trafficking etc. ) is required to report unlawful gains as income when filing annual tax returns. Suspected lawbreakers have therefore been charged with tax evasion when there is insufficient evidence to try them for their non-tax related crimes. Other times, tax evasion can be used as a one more nail in the coffin by prosecutors by stating that if a person earns illegal income, s/he may also be guilty of tax evasion. Those who attempt to report illegal income as coming from a legitimate source could be charged with money laundering. National Board of Revenue (NBR), Bangladesh. Page 27 of 31 Evasion of Value Added Tax (VAT): During the latter half of the twentieth century, Value Added Tax (VAT) has emerged as a modern form of consumption tax through the world. Producers who collect VAT from the consumers may evade tax by under-reporting the amount of sales. Control of evasion: Level of evasion depends on a number of factors one of them being fiscal equation. Peoples tendency to evade income tax declines when the return for due payment of taxesisnotobvious. Evasionalsodependsontheefficiencyofthetax administration. Corruption by the tax officials often render control of evasion difficult. Tax administrations resort to various means for plugging in scope of evasion and increasing the level of enforcement. Public opinion on tax avoidance: Tax avoidance may be considered to be the dodging of ones duties to society, or alternatively the right of every citizen to structure ones affairs in a manner allowed by law, to pay no more tax than what is required. Attitudes vary from approval through neutrality to outright hostility. Attitudes may vary depending on the steps taken in the avoidance scheme, or the perceived unfairness of the tax being avoided. Corruption by tax officials: Corrupt tax officials cooperate with the tax payers who intend to evade taxes. When they detect an instance of evasion, they refrain from reporting in return for illegal gratification or bribe. Corruption by tax officials is a serious problem for the tax administration in a huge number of underdeveloped countries. National Board of Revenue (NBR), Bangladesh. Page 28 of 31 The distinction in various jurisdictions of Tax Evasion and Tax Avoidance: The use of the terms tax avoidance and tax evasion can vary depending on the jurisdiction. In general, the term evasion applies to illegal actions and avoidance to actions within the law. The term mitigation is also used in some jurisdictions to further distinguish actions within the original purpose of the relevant provision from those actions that are within the letter of the law, but do not achieve its purpose. National Board of Revenue (NBR), Bangladesh. Page 29 of 31 Conclusion Though the rate of tax revenue is to GDP is very negligible, despite the government is trying to maximize its tax revenue through different method. But the government should also remind the cannon of convenience while collecting tax from assesses. As we are living in a civilized society should come forward to pay taxes to government in order to conduct the administrative, defense and development activities of the country. Otherwise we would not be able to prove ourselves as civilized people. Tax is the most important in the hand of the government to control the economy as well as the inflection. It also helps in push money to the economy, develop certain source of the economy and control some other activities of the economy. No Government can run it’s and perform administration works without collecting tax as a source of revenue. So, the Government imposes tax over the company and the corporations. On the other hand Government can also intensive to the infant and certain basic industry for protection through its tax policy. National Board of Revenue (NBR), Bangladesh. Page 30 of 31 ? The End ? National Board of Revenue (NBR), Bangladesh. Page 31 of 31 [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [? ] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic]